Integral+Fast+Reactors

**
 * Inherency **
 * A. There will be an inevitable global shift to the adoption of nuclear power to meet baseload electricity demands.**
 * Clay Shell (Deupty Energy Secretary) June 26, 2007. Energy Department Documents and Publications, Lexis. **** Let me elaborate... had just begun.
 * B. Current DOE loan guarantees for nuclear power are inadequate.** ** Elaine Hiruo 08 (July 31, Managing editor, nuclear fuel, "Nuclear loan guarantees 'undersized:' Goldman Sachs banker", http://www.platts.com/Nuclear/News/6930683.xml) **

// **Thus we offer the following plan:** The United States federal government should provide loan guarantees for the development and construction of Integral Fast Reactor nuclear power plants in the United States. // **Advantage 1: Yucca Mountain** Scenario One: Racism A. The administration’s move to make nuclear power a priority has fast tracked the development of Yucca Mountain as the place to store nuclear waste The Daily News June 4 2008 “Time to quit stalling on Yucca Mountain repository” http://www.tdn.com/articles/2008/06/04/editorial/doc4845c309450e6103843205.txt The Bush administration is… alternative plan for one.

B. U.S. Nuclear weapon and radioactive material storage on Yucca Mountain continues to reflect racist ideology. Kristen Eschner, October 1, 2002 “Abused Nuclear Policies Result in Racism and Suffering” The U.S. government's… level nuclear waste dump.

C. We have a moral obligation to reject this state-sponsored racism – it creates the preconditions for war and extermination Elden, Lecturer in politics at the University of Warwick, England, 2002 (Stuart, boundary 2, page project muse) The reverse side... men to be killed.

D. Racism must be rejected in every instance Memmi 2000 (Albert, Professor Emeritus of Sociology @ U of Paris, Naiteire Racism, Translated by Steve Martinot, 163-165) The struggle against... violence and death.

E. IFR’s provide a solution to Yucca mountain and nuclear waste- Recycling of spent nuclear fuel will not only evaporate the waste problems but also prevent future proliferation University Wire March 7 2002 “Dump Yucca Mountain nuclear disposal plan,”, lexis There is no more tempting… reconsider that decision.  Scenario Two: Earthquakes A. Yucca is prone to earthquakes Allison Macfarlane 2000 The Earth Around Us, pg. 291 Perhaps the second… Dance and Bow Ridge faults. B. An earthquake would cause plutonium to enter the water table and atmosphere Cyber West Magazine September 2 1997 Earthquake could cause flooding of Yucca Mountain repository http://www.cyberwest.com/cw14/14scwst2.html Using computer modeling based…. atmosphere," Davies said. C. Plutonium spread causes extinction Amador Publishers December 14 2007 In their book review of HUMAN SURVIVAL ON A PLUTONIUM-CONTAMINATED PLANET, http://www.amadorbooks.com/books/pluto.htm#top) This study brings closure to… are our dying canaries! Advantage 2: Terrorism A. The mass movement of waste causes nuclear terrorism Bob Kerrey (former U.S. senator from Nebraska, is president of New School University in New York) April 29 2002 Yucca Mountain Nuclear Storage is Bad for Nevada and the Nation, http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0429-07.htm  Transporting nuclear waste… in the wrong direction. B. Nuclear terrorism risk extinction. Al-Ahram Mohamed Sid-Ahmed (Weekly political analyst) August 26 2004 "Extinction!" http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm  What would be the consequences…we will all be losers.

C. The IFR system solves the inherent transportation inherent to traditional nuclear reactors. Argonne National Laboratory, one of the U.S. Department of Energy's largest research centers and also the nation's first national laboratory. “An Introduction to Argonne National Laboratory's INTEGRAL FAST REACTOR (IFR) PROGRAM.”  July 25, 2003. http://web.archive.org/web/20071009064447/www.nuc.berkeley.edu/designs/ifr/anlw.html Today, there is concern…to a waste repository. Advantage 3: CFCs A. Current SQ mining and enrichment of uranium releases massive amounts of CFCs fueling global warming and ozone depletion Eric Joseph Stein, Chairman of Three Mile Island Alert Inc., 3/29/08, [The "Brown Side" of Nuclear Power,” http://www.depweb.state.pa.us/ news/cwp/view.asp?A=3&Q=501756] Nuclear advocates argue… producing, coal-fired plants. B. Nuclear power is key – 93% of U.S. CFC emissions come from enrichment Dr. Helen Caldicott 05[Caldicott is a Physician, founder of Women’s Action for Nuclear Disarmament, now president of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute. She’s written many books. Among them, Missile Envy, Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do, 4/15/05, http://www.oilempire.us/nuclear-climate.html ] It is said that nuclear power… potent than carbon dioxide. C. Ozone depletion from CFCs causes extinction through total food chain collapse Peter Russell 1998 [Russell is a fellow of the Institute of Noetic Sciences, of The World Business Academy and of The Findhorn Foundation, and an Honorary Member of The Club of Budapest, http://www.peterussell.com/WUIT/Crisis.html ] Most dangerous of all… dangerous the situation is. D. Ozone decline is the biggest factor in Arctic warming. Drew Shindell, 2007 [NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, 2007, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34, “Local and remote contributions to Arctic warming” http://www.agu.org.revproxy.brown.edu/journals/gl/gl0714/2007GL030221/ ] I investigate the relative impact… mitigation of Arctic warming. E. CFCs, not CO2 is key – CFCs are the only explanation for the IPCC’s ozone model Ashworth 08[Robert A. Ashworth is a staff writer for omsriram environmental news service, April 2008, http://omsriram.com/GlobalWarming.htm ] Many factors can influence… in the atmosphere. F. Arctic melting causes unilateral power grabbing – escalating to conflict Scott G. Borgerson [International Affairs Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations and former Lieutenant Commander in U.S. Coast Guard, March/April 2008, Arctic Meltdown, Foreign Affairs; Mar/Apr2008, Vol. 87 Issue 2, p63-77. [|http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20080301faessay87206-p20/scott-g-borgerson/arctic-meltdown.html] ] Despite the melting icecap's… Pole last summer.

G. That’s the most likely scenario for full scale escalation – empirical examples prove Security Innovator 8/23/07 [“The Polar Show Down: As the Arctic's ice begins to melt, a new race for its undersea resources begins” Barry Zellen [|http://securityinnovator.com/index.php?articleID=12387§ionID=43] ] Huebert explained that… couldn’t start tomorrow.”

H. IFR reactors have enough uranium available now to power the grid for 500 years without future mining University of California Berkeley Department of Nuclear Engineering, No Date Given[“An Introduction to Argonne National Laboratory's INTEGRAL FAST REACTOR (IFR) PROGRAM” http://www.nuc.berkeley.edu/designs/ifr/anlw.html ] There is sufficient…the foreseeable future.

I. The ozone is on the brink now – halting CFC emissions is key Cheryl Pellerin 06 [Pellerin is a Washington File Staff Writer, 8/24/06 [“Global Response to Ozone Hole Is "Unprecedented" Success” http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2006/August/20060824150850lcnirellep0.1721918.html ] Experts predict that… again in Antarctica.”  Advantage 4: Air Pollution A. Coal is the leading cause of air pollution, which causes widespread illness and harms the environment Union Of Concerned Scientists 08 ( “ Environmental Impacts of Coal Power: Air Pollution ”, http://www.ucsusa.org/clean_energy/coalvswind/c02c.html ) Burning coal is a… amounts of uranium. **B. Air pollution causes famines causing millions to die** BBC 05 ( News, Horizon Documentary on Global Dimming, January 15,http://www.innovatieplatformnoordnederland.nl/cms/content.asp?contentId=247&catid=77)The death toll... hunger and starvation.

C. Moral obligation exists to allieviate starvation even if it risks extinction.** ** Watson, prof of philosophy @ Washington University, St. Louis, 1977. (Richard A. World Hunger and Moral Obligation. ed: Aiken and La Follette, p. 118-9)

** **Advantage 5: the Economy**


 * A. Peak coal means our window is closing – failure to begin transitioning away from coal NOW guarantees global economic collapse Richard Heinberg, Core Faculty member of New College of California and a Fellow of the Post Carbon Institute, widely regarded as one of the world's foremost Peak Oil educators. “Peak coal: sooner than you think,” Energy Bulletin, May 21 2007 http://www.energybulletin.net/node/29919 Evidence that coal... current energy paradigm.

B. Economic decline causes global nuclear war Mead 92 [Walter Russel, fellow, Council on Foreign Relations, New perspectives quarterly, summer pp. 28] But what if... in the 30's. Advantage 6: Nuclear Leadership/PUREX

A. Expansion is inevitable, but in the SQ the tech being adopted is PUREX – the US must maintain leadership to facilitate diplomatic and institutional initiatives for a nonproliferation strategy Hannum 07 [William H. Hannum prof @ Syracuse University, a senior official with the Department of Energy, retired physicist from Argonne National Laboratory. Gerald E. Marsh is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory, who has worked and published widely in the areas of science, nuclear power, and foreign affairs. He was a consultant to the Department of Defense on strategic nuclear technology and policy in the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations, and served with the U.S. START delegation in Geneva. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. His most recent book is: “The Phantom Defense: America’s Pursuit of the Star Wars Illusion” (Praeger Press).George S. Stanford is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety. 15 April 2007 “Recycling Nuclear Waste American Physical Society Special Session onNuclear Reprocessing, Nuclear Proliferation, and Terrorism” http://www.gemarsh.com/wp-content/uploads/Recycling_APS_07.pdf] We have tried... successful counter-proliferation strategy. **B. Expansion of PUREX exacerbates risk of proliferation and nuclear theft by terrorists.** Prof. Deutch 03 [Professors John Deutch CO CHAIR Institute Professor Department of Chemistry, MIT and Ernest Moniz et. al CO CHAIR Department of Physics, MIT Director of Energy Studies, Laboratory for Energy and the Environment “Chaired Effort to Identify Barriers and Solutions for Nuclear Option in Reducing Greenhouse Gases” “The Future of Nuclear Power – an interdisciplinary MIT Study 2003 The Future of Nuclear Power: An Interdisciplinary MIT Study http://web.mit.edu/nuclearpower/ Pg 65-66]In addition to... control and accountability.


 * C. A terrorist attack leads to ethnic conflicts, arms race, and extinction** Sid-Ahmed ’04 (Mohamed,- political analyst for Al-Ahram weekly “Extinction!” http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm)What would be.. all be losers.

**E. Specifically, it recovers minor actinides that risk terror**Koyama 01 [Tadafumi Koyama, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 2001, R & D of Pyrometallurgical Reprocessing Technology in CRIEPI, http://74.125.95.132/search?q=cache:wjaGLakezYMJ:wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/aesj/division/recycle/fuel_cycle_WS/2ndRRTDWS/An_example_for_abstract.rtf+Central+Research+Institute+of+Electric+Power+Industry+R+%26+D+of+Pyrometallurgical+Reprocessing+Technology+in+CRIEPI,&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us]The recently increasing... compact and economical.
 * D. IFRs are chemically incapable of producing pure plutonium required for prolif Stanford 01 [George S. Stanford, is a physicist, retired from Argonne National Laboratory. B.Sc. with Honours, Acadia University; M.A.,Wesleyan University; Ph.D. in experimental nuclear physics, Yale University. He is a member, American Nuclear Society, and a past member of the American Physical Society. He has served on the National Council of the Federation of American Scientists. Co-author: Born Secret: The H-Bomb, the Progressive Case, and National Security (Pergamon, 1981), and Nuclear Shadowboxing: Contemporary Threats from Cold-War Weaponry (Fidlar Doubleday, 2004). His technical publications have pertained mainly to experiments in nuclear physics, reactor physics, and fast-reactor safety.December 2001 “Integral Fast Reactors: Source of Safe, Abundant, Non-Polluting Power” National Policy Analysis, a publication of the National Center for Public Policy Research #378 http://www.nationalcenter.org/NPA378.html] If you're going... not seperate isotopes.

** ** **Contention Two: Solvency A. IFR’s, have been developed into a usable technology, but have yet to be built Argonne National Laboratory 1998 http://www.anlw.anl.gov/anlw_history/reactors/ifr.html The Integral Fast Reactor… prototype for many years. B. US investment in IFR’s would provide cheap electricity and solve for nuclear waste Culpeper Star-Exponent June 27 2008 “Can the U.S. be energy independent?”, lexis Jun. 27--In today's economy… it would cost 35 cents. C. IFR’s passive safety system prevent any meltdowns and it pyroprocess prevents proliferation through the recycling of spent fulel Argonne National Laboratory 1998 http://www.anlw.anl.gov/anlw_history/reactors/ifr.html The heart of an IFR… with an IFR plant. D. Loan guarantees are essential to get new nuclear power projects off the ground. The guarantee will provide the financial incentive for investors to get on board, and these investments will causes the market to shift, making nuclear power cost competitive which ensures future investment and plants Larry R. Foulke (ANS Vice President/President Elect) February 2003 “The status and future of nuclear power in the United States”, Nuclear News, lexis This all sounds logical and… the challenge of Kyoto. ** **Electricity companies plan... and environmental well-being.
 * E. Providing loan guarantees is the only way to ensure that new nuclear plants will be built.**** Theodore G. Adams (health physicist at T. G. Adams and Associates in Springville) June 8, 2008. "Federal loan guarantees key to nuclear plant construction", The Buffalo News Opinion, http://www.buffalonews.com/367/story/365369.html)
 * F. Federal loan guarantees will provide the necessary investment **Frank L. Bowman (President and Chief Executive Officer Nuclear Energy Institute) June 19 2008, CQ Congressional Testimony, lexisConsensus estimates show... until the 2016-2020.