Pioneer+-+RPS

These are the cites for the 1AC being read by one of the Pioneer teams - each team reads a different one.

OBSERVATION ONE – INHERENCY
__Sovacool & Cooper 2007__ (Benjamin K. & Christopher, Senior Research Fellow for the Network for New Energy Choices & Executive Director of the Network for New Energy Choices, "Big is Beautiful: The Case for Federal Leadership on a National Renewable Portfolio Standard" The Electricity Journal, Volume 20, Issue 4, ScienceDirect, May 2007)
 * CURRENT STATE-BASED RPS CANNOT SOLVE TODAY’S ENERGY CHALLENGES – ONLY A FEDERAL RPS CAN CREATE A NATIONAL MARKET FOR RENEWABLES**
 * Thus we propose the following plan: The United States federal government should establish renewable energy credits and require that retail electricity providers meet at least 20% of power demand with renewable energy sources by 2020. We’ll clarify.**

ADVANTAGE 1: TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP
__HERZOG, ET AL, 2001__ post-doctoral researcher @ Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, [Antonia, “Renewable Energy: A Viable Choice, ENVIRONMENT, December, lexis/tate] __Segal, 2004,__ (Senior Fellow in China Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, “Is America Losing Its Edge?” http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101facomment83601/adam-segal/is-america-losing-its-edge.html) __RICHARDSON 2008,__ former secretary of energy, 2008 [Bill, LEADING BY EXAMPLE: HOW WE CAN INSPIRE AN ENERGY AND SECURITY REVOLUTION, pages 72-75/ ttate] __Nye 4__ (Joseph S, “Soft Power and American Foreign Policy”, Harvard IR prof., vol. 119, no. 2, p. 257) Niall __Ferguson, 2004__ Herzog professor of history at New York University's Stern School of Business and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, July-August, Foreign Policy, Issue 143, p. 32. Gretchen __Beyer, 3-11-07__ (Vice President of TechNet, “Green Technologies: An Innovation Agenda for America Recommendations of the TechNet Green Technologies Task Force”)
 * US lagging behind in tech leadership - developing renewable energy industries key to solve**
 * U.S. Technology Leadership and innovation key to America’s global primacy and military power**
 * US INTERNATIONAL CREDIBILITY HAS BOTTOMED OUT – A ROBUST ENERGY INITIATIVE IS THE ONLY HOPE OF REVIVING U.S. SOFT POWER – WE SOLVE BACK YOUR ALTERNATE CAUSALITIES**
 * Soft power is key to sustain hegemony and solve terrorism.**
 * Collapse of U.S. leadership leads to an apolar world of plagues, nuclear wars, and terrorism**
 * A national RPS would spur innovation**

ADVANTAGE TWO: GRID STABILITY
__Nerad 2007__ (Anton H. II, United States Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel, "Distributed Generation to Counter Grid Vulnerability" US Army War College, Strategy Research Project, 3/30) Edward __Marshall,__ July __2008__ (Staff Writer for the Journal, “Electrical infrastructure faces crisis, experts say,” The Journal) __NATO__, April __2005,__ (“NATO’s military concept for defense against terrorism, http://www.nato.int/ims/docu/terrorism.htm) John __Thompson 2004__, President of the Mackenzie Institute which studies political instability and terrorism, March 8, 2004 (“More Reasons to Fear the Bomb”, http://www.mackenzieinstitute.com/2004/terror030204.htm) __Sid-Ahmed, 04__ (Mohamed, Managing Editor for Al-Ahali, “Extinction!” August 26-September 1, Issue no. 705, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm) __Sovacool & Cooper 2007__ (Benjamin K. & Christopher, Senior Research Fellow for the Network for New Energy Choices & Executive Director of the Network for New Energy Choices, "State Efforts to Promote Renewable Energy: Tripping the Horse with the Cart" Sustainable Development Law & Policy, vol 8, issue 5, p. lexis)
 * THE US ELECTRICITY GRID – A KEY PART OF OUR ECONOMY – IS A LIKELY AND VULNERABLE TARGET FOR TERRORIST ATTACKS**
 * Our vulnerable grid compromises national security by damaging our intelligence systems**
 * Intelligence key to deterring terrorism**
 * We are entering an age of nuclear terrorism, future terrorist attacks are sure to be nuclear**
 * Nuclear terrorism will cause extinction**
 * RPS key to decentralizing electricity grid – this greatly reduces grid vulnerability**

Advantage 3: Carbon Dioxide
__Stokes in 2007__ (John, has extensive research on global warming, The Canadian, http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2007/01/08/01291.html, “Over 4.5 Billion people could die from Global Warming-related causes by 2012,”) __New York Times ‘90__ 9/18/90 (nqa, “Carbon Dioxide Rise May Alter Plant Life, Researchers Say,” pg nexis//ef)// //Collapse of biodiversity causes extinction – this card slays your take-outs. __Santos, '99__ (Baruch College Ecology Professor, The Environmental Crisis, p. 35-6) __CALVIN IN ‘98__ (William, Theoretical Neuropsyiologist At The Univ Of Washington At Seattle, "The Great Climate Flip-Flop,” The Atlantic Monthly, January, Vol 281, No1 //wyo-ef) __SEC in 2007__ (Society for Environmental Communications, January 15, 2007, http://www.downtoearth.org.in/full6.asp?foldername=20070115&filename=news&sec_id=12&sid=25, “Runaway carbon dioxide bad news for humans”) __American Wind Energy Association 2007__ (“Federal RPS Factsheet,” 2007, http://www.awea.org/legislative/pdf/Federal_RPS_Factsheet.pdf)
 * CO2 increasing now – microbial activity will make CO2 levels skyrocket – causes global warming and kills billions by 2012**
 * CO2 disrupts ecosystem – causes agriculture collapse and reduces biodiversity**
 * Agricultural collapse causes World War III, and starvation**
 * Rising CO2 levels causes lethal diseases in humans – leads to world extinction**
 * National RPS would reduce CO2 emissions and ensure clean air**

Observation Three: Solvency
__Dr. Sovacool, & Cooper 6__ – *Senior Research Fellow for the Network for New Energy Choices in New York and Adjunct Assistant Professor at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University in Blacksburg, VA and **Executive Director of the Network for New Energy Choices (Benjamin K. Sovacool, also a Research Fellow at the Centre for Asia and Globalization at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy and Christopher Cooper, Electricity Journal, “Green Means 'Go?'-A Colorful Approach to a U.S. National Renewable Portfolio Standard,” August-September 6, Vol. 19 No. 7, lexis)** A Federal RPS would spur job growth and cause the most effective transition to renewables All their contrived politics disads are non-unique – the bailout included renewable energy provisions RPS key to international green leadership policy innovation US leadership is key to spurring other countries to cut emissions Federal action is favored by industry because it allows interstate renewable development ** __Sovacool 08__ (Benjamin, A Matter of Stability and Equity, Energy & Environment 19.2, IgentaConnect, AG)
 * A national RPS is the only way to promote an efficient transition to renewables**
 * __Shoock 08__ – J. D., expected, Fordham University School of Law, 2008 – [Corey Stephen Shoock, Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, “BLOWING IN THE WIND: HOW A TWO-TIERED NATIONAL RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD, A SYSTEM BENEFITS FUND, AND OTHER PROGRAMS WILL RESHAPE AMERICAN ENERGY INVESTMENT AND REDUCE FOSSIL FUEL EXTERNALITIES,” Vol. 12, Iss. 6; pg. 1011-1078, lexis academic., lexis academic.] **
 * __Battersby ’08__**
 * Ron __Pernick 06__, Clean Edge Inc. November 13, 2006, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/reinsider/story?id=46537 **
 * David __Doniger et al 06__ (Antonia Herzog, Daniel Lashof, all are in the Natural Resource Defense Council in Washington, “An ambitious, centrist approach to global warming legislation,” 12/22/2006, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/314/5800/764.pdf ). **

NOVICE STATES V. EK the plan: est. renewable energy credits,and have companies decrease carbon emissions by 20% by 2020 advantages: -co2 -terrorism -emissions -Global Warming