TCC+Hyde+Amendment+Aff

The U.S. Supreme Court should grant writ of Certorari to Zbaras v. Madigan and overrule Harris v. McCrae, holding that the restrictions of the provision of medicaid funding for abortion violate the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment.__'

Advantage 1- Reproductive Rights__ __A. Gender__

Current abortion rights are framed as a matter of privacy. This reinforces gender inequality and legitimates discriminatory treatment of women Jean Cohen, Professor of Political Science at Columbia, “Rethinking Abortion: Autonomy, Identity, and the Abortion Controversy,” Public and Private in thought and practice, ed Weintraub and Krishan Kumar, 1997 , p. 141

Furthermore, founding reproductive rights in privacy doctrine stigmatizes them by establishing abortion as deviation from a norm Sonu Bedi, JD from Harvard Law, Cleveland State Law Review, 2005 / 2006

The privacy basis for abortion creates only a negative right. Failure to incorporate a positive obligation has stripped the protections established in Roe from indigent women Kathryn **Kolbert and** Andrea **Miller**; abortion wars a half century of struggle 19**98**

These restrictions on funding create significant restrictions on abortion access Funding restrictions disproportionately affect women of color Marilu Gresen 06 [Wrtier for National Abortion Foundation and NOW October 9, 2006 “Hyde Amendment: 30 Years of Injustice for Poor Women” http://www.now.org/issues/ abortion/10-09-06hyde.html]
 * Heather** **Boonstra and** **Adam** **Sonfield** **, “The Guttmacher Report on Public Policy,” The Guttmacher Institute Volume 3, Number 2.? April** **2000** **. http://www.guttmacher.org/ pubs/tgr/03/2/gr030208.html**

The impact is wide-scale gender discrimination. Federal assurance of funding for abortion is the linchpin of broad feminist struggle bell hooks, Distinguished Professor in Residence at Berea College, Feminism is for Everybody: Passionate Politics, 2000 , p. 27-30

Domestic violence is the root cause of international violence. V. Spike **Peterson**, Associate Fellow, Gender Institute, London School of Economics and Anne Sisson Runyan, Head and Associate Professor, Women's Studies, American University, 19**99**, “Global Gender Issues,” p227 Failure to engage the socialization of gender discrimination ensures a terminally dysfunctional social order. The end result is extinction Warren and Cady, 96 (Karen Warren and Duane Cady, Professors at Macalester and Hamline, Bringing peace home: feminism, violence, and nature, 1996, p. 12-13) __B. Agency__

Restrictive abortion laws deny agency. They confine female identity within the role of motherhood, limiting self-determination of meaning Rosemary Nossiff, Prof Marymount Manhattan College, Gendered Citizenship: Women, Equality, and Abortion Policy New Political Science, Volume 29, Number 1, March 20 07 The devaluation of agency eradicates the capacity to make meaningful political judgments. Agency is a prerequisite for every value and a necessary condition for establishing a just society Anthony Lang, Jr. The American University in Cairo, European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 5 (1): 67-107, 19 99 , p. 77-79

This concept of agency outweighs all other impacts. Establishing a framework in which life is worth living is a prerequisite to ethical decision-making Jeffrey ** Isaac, **Professor of Political Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, ** American Political Science Review **, March 19** 96 ** v90 n1 p61(13)

Abstract impact calculation erases the value of human life. There is a qualitative difference between the denial of human dignity and the assessment of bodycounts. This means you should set the bar high for their DAs Jack Donnelly, College of the Holy Cross, The Concept of Human Rights, 19 85 , p. 55-58

__C. Solvency__

Establishing an Equal Protection right to abortion reshapes social practice and ensures broad-based gender equality West, 5 (Robin, What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said, edited by Jack M. Balkin, pg. 256-258)

Kristina Mentone, JD Candidate at Fordham, Fordham Law Review, May, 20 02
 * Equal protection ruling would spill over to broad reproductive freedoms**

The plan erases the intent standard – it creates a version of Equal Protection based on effect, not intent Julie F. Kay, JD Candidate at Brooklyn Law, Brooklyn Law Review, Spring, 1994 , 60 Brooklyn L. Rev. 349

That precedent is key to establishing a basis for felon voting rights Daniel Goldman, senior editor, Stanford Law & Policy Review, Stanford Law Review, November 1, 2004 Felon disenfranchisement undermines human rights credibility Mike Tidwell, DKT Liberty Project, Baltimore Sun, October 29, 2000

US human rights leadership prevents extinction Rhonda Copelon, Professor of Law and Director of the International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic at the City University of New York School of Law, New York City Law Review, 1998 /99, 3 N.Y. City L. Rev. 59

And, the advantage accesses all their impacts. Denial of felon voting disrupts the legitimacy of every other social function Holona Leanne Ochs, Department of Political Science at Kansas, Policy Studies Journal, February 1, 2006