South+Lyon+-+Avgas

AVGAS AFF TEXT: The Federal Aviation Administration should fully legalize the use of ethanol in general aviation. More specifically, the Federal Aviation Administration certification and permitting process should clarify that general aviation engine equipment and general aviation airframes are now fully eligible to operate on ethanol fuels.

Advantages: - Chinese Growth - Air Pollution - Montreal Protocol w/ Ozone Depletion Impacts - Agriculture

Observation 1 Inherency The FAA maintains a ban on ethanol use in general aviation US Fed News, May 2008, lexis

Observation 2 Solvency 1. Lifting Certification obstacles levels the playing field, once it's leveled ethanol will functionally eliminate avgas -- cheaper and better for the environment Grazia Zania https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf "Seeing as there...domestically produced" 2. Transition would be simply – economics favor the move, and there’s already excess ethanol waiting to be consumed. Sergio Alvarez. 2005 http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf) "The current...ethanol industry"

3. Certification is the key incentive – it empirically provides a direct boost to alternative energy in the aviation sector. Grazia Zania https://beardocs.baylor.edu/bitstream/2104/5133/1/Grazia_Zanin_Masters.pdf "Ethanol...is a....FAA requirements" //Advantage 1 is China// 1. The limited availability of avgas hampers //balanced// economic growth within China – it specifically jacks growth in the underdeveloped Northeast. Flight International ‘4 (October 26, 2004 -- http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2004/10/26/189325/taking-flight.html) " 'General aviation...GA growth"

2. The growth of General Aviation is important for rural economic growth in China. The Economist 2004 (December 4, 2004 – lexis) "That is...in America"

3. China’s //Overall// Economy and its //Urban// Economy are surging now – but lagging //rural// growth is creating tension. The Standard 2005  (The Standard: China’s Business Paper – March 5th -- http://www.thestandard.com.hk/stdn/std/China/GC05Ad01.html)

"The gap...7 percent"

4. Uneven Chinese growth causes implosion – Beijing won’t be able to peacefully resolve this. Bi 2003 (Bi Jianhi has recently completed his doctorate at the University of Canterbury's Department of Political Science. New Zealand International Review March 1, 2003) "The new...could even collaps"

5. Both scenarios escalate to nuclear wars involving India, the US, Britain, and China. Given population counts, this is the greatest security risk on Earth. Klintworth ’94 ** (Gary – former Senior Researcher at the Northeast Asia Project – Australian Journal of International Affairs – November – page 219 **

"China also has...global security"

//Advantage 2 is Air Pollution Monitoring//

1. Global air monitoring does not happen now and is vital to check pollution – the major barrier is cost. Full certification is key to get this up-and-running. Shauck 2000 (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf) “Air pollution …to monitor”

2. Post US certification, aircraft monitoring would get modeled overseas. “The…general aviation ”
 * Shauck 2000 ** (et al -- Maxwell Shauck, Department of Aviation Sciences Renewable Aviation Fuels Development Center -- ALCOHOL, AVIATION AND AIR QUALITY: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL PROJECT – July -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/alcoholandairquality.pdf)

3. Ethanol-based aircrafts in the US sparks a global transition to air monitoring in the countries with the greatest air pollution. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf) “ There is a critical ….air pollution. “

4. Low-cost Air monitoring aircraft crucial to checking global air particulates. Plan makes this affordable for developing nations. Alvarez ‘5 (Sergio Alvarez, The Baylor Institute of Air Science, Baylor University -- FROM CONCEPT TO REALITY: A SMALL AIR QUALITY SAMPLING AIRCRAFT POWERED BY ETHANOL -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/FromConcepttoRealit.pdf) “The low …all people.” 5. Air pollution kills 30 people every 8 minutes World Health Organization, 2006

6. The terminal impact to air pollution is extinction. Driesen ‘3  (David, Professor of Law, Syracuse, Buffalo Environmental Law Journal, Fall, 2002 / Spring, 2003, p. LN) “Air pollution…these concerns.” 9. Global warming equals extinction, quick time frame Pearce 7 Fred, With Speed and Violence, environment and development consultant, pg. 240-241
 * 7. Global warming exists, scientific consensus **
 * Monbiot 7 **George, Professor @ Oxford Brookes University, Heat: How to Stop the Planet from Burning, pg. 5
 * “the link…doubts justified **
 * 8. **** Plan uniquely important to solving Global Warming – aviation emissions are crucial because of altitude. **
 * Aviation Watch ‘8 ** (May 11th, 2008 -- http://aviationwatch.eu/?p=324.)
 * “alternative fuels…lower altitude” **

“we are showing…one planet”

Advantage 3 is Agriculture

1. Agriculture Planes are crucial to the //prosperity// of US and global agriculture. Aerospace America ’3 (July, 2003 – lexis) “The U nited Agriculture Application Aircraf __t”__

2. Transitioning away Avgas to Ethanol is vital for Ag Planes and stable farming in the US. Shauck ‘94 (et al, Max Shauck is the head of the Baylor Institute for Aviation Sciences -- Certification of an Agricultural Spray Aircraft on Ethanol Fuel,” Proceedings of The Sixth National Bioenergy Conference, Reno/Sparks, Nevada, October 2-6, 1994. -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/agriculturalsprayaircraft.pdf) “Since ethanol is… to avgas.” 3. Prosperous US Ag is key to feeding the globe.

National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges ‘99
===(National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, “Global Food Issues”, http://www.nasulgc.org/foodsociety/Global401.PDF) ===

“The food …these expectations ”

4. This “famine-resource war combo” would __kill hundreds of millions__ and cause __multiple nuclear wars.__ Pfeiffer ’4 (Dale Allen Pfeiffer -- not Damien Pfister -- Contributing Editor for Energy for //From the Wilderness// Publications, and a published author – including titles such as The End of the Oil Age -- Global Climate Change and Peak Oil http://www.fromthewilderness.com/free/ww3/041304_climate_change_pt1.html) “Famine would…nuclear wars .” __“Since the phase…environmental benefits.”__ “ __if the U.S. fabric of the treaty."__ 3. ** The next two years are key – that marks the end of the developing nations’ compliance period ** __“Without Montreal Protocol depleting substances__ ”
 * Advantage 4 is Montreal Protocol **
 * 1. **** Except for avgas, Lead has been phased-out.  **
 * This leaves the US in violation of the Montreal Protocol. Ethanol is the alternative **
 * Shauck & Zanin ’98 ** (M. Schauck & M.G. Zanin – Baylor Institute for Air Science – Implementation of Alternative Bio-Based Fuels in Aviation: The Clean Airports Program – October -- http://www3.baylor.edu/bias/publications/cleanairportsprogram.pdf)
 * 2. US non-compliance exemptions threaten to unravel the whole Protocol by discouraging compliance of developing nations. **
 * ECES ’3 ** (Earth Crash Earth Spirit – an environmental thinktank website -- July 20th -- http://eces.org/articles/000135.php)
 * Khastagir ‘6 ** (Anup Khastagir, Climate Change Media Partnership and Senior Reporter for Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha News -- The New Nation, Jan 11th – available via:

__“The vast **…life on earth.”**__ __“The ozone …know it, to exist__ .” “ __there is a huge …domino effect__ .” “ __oceans provide food…biosphere with us.__ ” 
 * 4. Ozone depletion causes complete extinction – scientific consensus is on our side. **
 * Full of Holes ’95 ** (Full of Holes: Montreal Protocol and the Continuing Destruction of the Ozone Layer -- A GREENPEACE REPORT with contributions from OZONE ACTION --
 * 5. Independently, ozone depletion shatters DNA – making survival impossible. **
 * Earth & Society ’98 ** (A Project out of the University of Michigan -- THE OZONE LAYER: IMPORTANT COMPONENTS OF OZONE EDUCATION – [|http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/ozone.htm])
 * 7. And, Ozone depletion kills plankton – creating a domino effect that shatters ocean life. **
 * The Green Community ’1 ** (An Environmental NGO -- http://www.thegreencommunity.org/mission.html)
 * 8. Extinction inevitable without strong ocean ecosystems. **
 * Craig ‘3 ** (Robin – Ass Prof of Law @ Indiana – McGeorge Law Rev – lexis)