Brownfields

While a number of successful brownfields-to-alternative … ecosystem restoration, and/or renewable energy production. 15 Riberio, An hour later, presidential aspirant Sen. Barack Obama, Illinois Democrat, … opportunities even in companies committed to diversity.
 * Contention One is Inherency: **
 * Despite recent success, over 1 million Brownfields remain polluted **
 * Northeast-Midwest Institute '8 **  ["A Proposal to Establish Pilots for Sustainable Development and Alternative Energy: EPA Brownfields Program" Issues and Opportunities, March 2008. Lexis//JVOSS]// //
 * Thus the Plan: **
 * The United States congress should fully fund solar energy incentives in the United States Department of Energy's Brightfield program and provide environmental liability insurance for brownfield clean up for entities developing solar energy on Environmental Protection Agency designated brownfield sites. We reserve the right to clarify. **
 * Contention Two is the Politics of Pollution: **
 * A. Current government policies only entrench environmental injustice, keeping energy out of urban communities makes the poor suffer the most. **
 * Innis '7. ** Roy, National Chairman of the [|Congress of Racial Equality]. October 26, 2007. The Washington Times.  //Opportunity Squandered. // COMMENTARY; A18. LexisNexis.
 * B. Brownfields are the crux of environmental racism. Pollution spreads across the country as a testament to white America's flight from the inner city and disdain for its residents. The politics of 'not in my back yard' ensure perpetual subordination. **
 * Bullard et al '8 ** [Robert. Director of Environmental Justice @ Atlanta University, and Paul Mohai, Prof of Natural Resource and Environment @ UMich-Ann Arbor, and Robin Saha, Asst Prof of Environmental Studies @ University of Montana, and Bev Wright, Director of the Deep South Center for Environmental Justice at Dillard University. "Toxic Wastes and Race at Twenty: Why Race Still Matters After All These Years" 38 Envtl Law 371. Spring 8, Lexis //JVOSS]

Despite progress in research, planning, and policy, … 20% higher than the national average. (35)
Only with a more realistic sense of this moral … their own status as the racialized refuse, the black trash, of the white body politic.
 * C.The result is that America's cities are filled with what dominant society views as literally 'garbage humans,' individuals worthy of so little regard that they are literally trash to be thrown out of 'our' space. The politics of pollution have created two Americas – one with an environment worthy of protection and one whose environment, just like its residents, is consigned to annihilation **
 * Mills 1 **  ** ( ** Charles W., Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Chicago, "Faces of Environmental Racism: Confronting Issues of Global Justice (2nd ed.,), p. 84-89)

I am aware of all these difficulties, … __ he issue of equality, the __  __ horizon of political action __.
 * D.The production of the 'garbage human' is not limited to the American city - brownfields have become the ultimate manifestation of a new global division between "life zones" and "death zones," where the refuse of the body politic is consigned to elimination, culminating in the destruction of entire populations **
 * Balibar 4 **  (Etienne Emeritus Professor of Philosohy at University of Paris-X and Distinguished Professor of Humanities at University of California-Irvine, We, The People of Europe? Reflections on Transnational Citizenship, p. 126-29)

Contention Three is Environmental Justice:
The reality of urban decline in America, particularly … on a concern for property values than for open space preservation.46 Although the post-World War II economy …, we should at least have that as a goal. WASHINGTON - __Urban sprawl is gobbling up open spaces in fast-growing … and office buildings and roads in outlying forests and farm fields."__  4. Biological Diversity. -- __The main premise …edging closer to the abyss__.   Redevelopment sites that require …including the essential redevelopment of brownfields. __ Property values for brownfield sites … __ marked improvements and be an impetus to revitalization.149    William W. **Goldsmith**, Professor in the Department of City and Regional Planning at Cornell University, and Director of the Cornell Undergraduate Program in Urban and Regional Studies, **2000**, Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order?, p. 38-39 __ Abandoned, deteriorating property has become one of the dominant images of our cities. It has come to …diminished the economic resources and political power of many cities. __ __ The National Brightfields program was started by the U.S.  __ 6 __(DOE) in the late __19__90s__. __The__ basic __premise was to …__project is being developed on a former gas works plant and is expected to eventually produce 1 MV (megavolt, or, 1 million volts) of power.
 * A.Urban populations are trending toward environmental justice in the squo, but Brownfields prevent the social, educational, and economic growth that's key to social mobility. **
 * Kibel '98 **  [Paul. Prof of Environmental Law @ Golden Gate University School of Law. "The Urban Nexus: Open Space, Brownfields, and Justice". Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, Fall 1998. Lexis//JVOSS]// //
 * B.An ethical trend toward environmental justice is vital to prevent the destruction of humanity **
 * Bryant '95 **  [Bunyan. Prof in the School of Natural Resources and Specialist in Afro-American Studies @ UMICH. Environmental Justice: Issues, Policies, and Solutions. 1995, Pg 209-211 //JVOSS]
 * Contention Four is Sprawl: **
 * A.Urban sprawl causes biodiversity loss **
 * MSNBC 5 **  (1/11, [|http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/ 6814251/] )
 * B.Biodiversity loss triggers extinction. **
 * Diner '94 ** (David, JD Ohio State, Military Law Review, Winter, l/n)
 * C.Redeveloping brownfields is the key to urban revitalization that ends urban sprawl **
 * Kushner 6 **  (James A, Southwestern U law prof., 22 Ga. U St. U.L. Rev. 857, p. 857 LN)
 * Contention Five is Solvency: **
 * A.Alternative energy incentives can convert toxic brownfields to brightfields. **
 * Northeast-Midwest Institute '8 ** ["A Proposal to Establish Pilots for Sustainable Development and Alternative Energy: EPA Brownfields Program" Issues and Opportunities, March 2008. Lexis//JVOSS]// //
 * The third opportunity area is to redevelop…energy and revenue for the community. ** 14
 * B.Alleviating liability for brownfield cleanup provides an economic incentive for Brightfield develpment. **
 * Dylewski '1 **  [Faith. "Ohio's Brownfield Problem and Possible Solutions: What is Required for a Successful Brownfield Initiative?" 35 Akron L. Rev. 81, Summer 2001. Lexis //JVOSS]
 * C.The U.S. government's policies towards urban racial minorities are modeled globally – the structure of U.S. cities is reflected in cities across the globe **
 * In contrast, the reasoning below turns the usual argument … **  __ of "race" and ethnic struggle, including segregation, as has long been the case in the U __** nited  **__ S __** tates. **
 * D.Removing the liability risks is the most important internal link to consistent Brownfield cleanup **
 * Kibel '98 **  [Paul. Prof of Environmental Law @ Golden Gate University School of Law. "The Urban Nexus: Open Space, Brownfields, and Justice". Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, Fall 1998. Lexis//JVOSS] Abandoned, deteriorating property has become… and economic development away from our cities.// //
 * E. Funding key to Brightfields solvency—DOE ceased, but funding is necessary to make the projects economically feasible. **
 * Hanneman '6. ** Jeffrey, Consultant with Aon's environmental Group, serves on environmental committees of the Associated General Contractors, the American Bar Association, and the State Bar of Texas.  //Blight to Bright//. July 1, 2006. Environmental Protection. [|http://www.eponline.com/ articles/54104/]