FHN+-+ITER

ITER Affirmative 1AC Special thanks to The Westminister Schools and University of Michigan's seven week lab! Numerous citations were shamelessly jacked from these two sources in the making of this 1AC. I don't regret it, the evidence is nuts... 
 * Observation One: Inherency-Our nerds... they're frozen...**

**A. Currently, science funding for ITER is only 16% of what is needed. And worse, funding is FROZEN until March of 2009. Means no budget increase in the future.**
(Yudhijit  Bhattacharjee  , Jocelyn Kaiser, Eli Kintisch, Andrew Lawler, and Jeffrey Mervis,  September 29,   // Science //  NOW Daily News U.S. Science Faces a Flat 2009  __http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/929/1____________  __)__ " U.S. science agencies will receive no budget increases" "more lengthy__   ," he says. __  "
 * ScienceNow** **2008**

__
 * Advantage One- Nerds!!!**__

Steir, 2008
 (Ken, “Using Scientists as Diplomats”, Time, 3/7,      http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1720538,00.html__ ) "Scientific cooperation has long had a critical" "is really destructive in my view ."

**B. Restoring ITER funding is vital to strengthening global relationships, preventing WMD proliferation, and winning the war on terror. It’s also key to advances that can stop agricultural collapse and mass starvation.**

**Fedoroff**, 2008
(Nina, Science and Technology Adviser to the Secretary of State and the Administrator of USAID Testimony Before the House Science Subcommittee on Research and Science Education, 4/2,  http://www.state.gov/g/oes/rls/rm/102996.htm____ "Science by its nature facilitates diplomacy " "increase global partnerships, and create sustainability ."

**Calvin 1998**
 (William H., January, Theoretical Neurophysiologist the University of Washington, "The great climate flip-flop," The Atlantic Monthly 281(1):47-64,      http://williamcalvin.com/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm__, ACC: 6.28.07, p. online) "The population-crash scenario is surely" "longer do so if it lost the extra warming from the North Atlantic."

** Utgoff 2002 **
   (Victor A., Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analysis, Survival Vol 44 No 2 Proliferation, Missile Defence and American Ambitions, p. 87-90)   "In sum, widespread  <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">    proliferation__" "__dead cities or even whole nations.__"

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> **Speice 2006** (Patrick, J.D. Candidate 2006, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, College of William and Mary, “NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS,” William & Mary Law Review, Feb, l/n) "The potential consequences of the unchecked spread" "and     __escalate to the use of nuclear weapons__ . 53"
 * E. Nuclear terrorism will cause extinction through full scale nuclear conflict and proliferation, as well as increased regional conflict.**

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> Advantage Two: Bonjour nerds! __

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> PCAST 2004
(President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, October 5, [|http://www.ostp.gov/pdf/stcollaboration.pdf)__] <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> "At the heart of international scientific collaboration" "  __cooperation between the United States and the European Union__<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> ."

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **B. Bioweapons cause extinction** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Ochs 2002
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">  (Richard, MA in Natural Resource Management at Rutgers, “Biological Weapons Must be Abolished Immediately,” 6-9-2002, __<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">[|http://www.freefromterror.net/other_...s/abolish.html] <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">   __)

"BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS MUST BE ABOLISHED IMMEDIATELY" "then patriotism is the highest of all crimes."

Gangale 2007
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman,serif;">  (Thomas, aerospace engineer and a former Air Force officer. He is currently the executive director at OPS-Alaska, a think tank based in PetalumaHe is the author of From the Primaries to the Polls, Dec 4, 2007, “A Progressive Vision of Human Space Exploration--Important to California, a Leader in Aerospace and High Tech” [|http://www.californiaprogressreport.com/2007/12/a_progressive_v.html)__] __ <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman,serif;">"As I have written elsewhere, there is a libertarian, no-holds-barred free enterprise vision of space development." <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman,serif;"> " the case for keeping the Great Machine running is obvious." __

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman,serif;">__D. Nano solves the most likely causes of war- resource conflicts McCarthy 2000__
__ <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman,serif;">   (Thomas Assistant Director of Graduate Admissions at Boston University's Graduate School of Management. “Molecular Technology and the World System.”__ <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">http://www.mccarthy.cx/WorldSystem/intro.htm______ <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRoman,serif;"> ) <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> "We should not hope that any new technology will have the ability to resolve differences"   __"and thus one fewer reason to wage wars<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> ." <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">   __ <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Advantage three: We're losing our nerds!!!**

Watkin 2008
(Tim, former deputy editor of the New Zealand Listener magazine, The Guardian, “Unscientific American: George Bush wants to increase funding for scientific research - but most of the money is going toward building bombs and spaceships”, 3/20, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);"> http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/mar/20/unscientificamerican__ )

"Sadly, the Academy__ 's commitment to innovation  __is at odds__"__ "economic wealth, productivity and its competitive advantage__ . "

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **B. Economic collapse leads to nuclear war** <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Bearden in 2000**   <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">  (Tom, Retired LTC, US Army, CEO of CTEC Inc., Director of the Association of Distinguished American Scientists, June 12, “The Unnecessary Energy Crisis: How to Solve it Quickly,”   <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">  __http://www.cheniere.org/techpapers/Unnecessary%20Energy%20Crisis.doc____<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">    __)__

"__History bears out that desperate nations take desperate actions.__" "<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">   <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> most of the biosphere  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">    __, at least for many decades__."

Plan: The United States Congress should procure all the necessary components for the // **International Thermonuclear** // **Experimental Reactor** from industries within the United States.

 * Observation 2: gettin' our nerds back**

**A. Funding ITER is the vital internal link to all science diplomacy – it effects the credibility of every other endeavor.** **Fusion Power Associates 2008**
(Fusion Power Associates quoting a letter written by members of the U.S. fusion community to Congress, 1/4, “ITER Budget Cuts Protested”, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);"> http://aries.ucsd.edu/fpa/fpn08-01.shtml__ ) "On January 4, 21 members of the U.S. fusion community" " We therefore urge that these budgets also be made whole."

**Colestock,et al. 2008**
(Patrick L. Colestock, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Roger D. Bengtson, University of Texas at Austin, James E. Brau, University of Oregon, Cary B. Forest, University of Wisconsin, Stephen Holmes, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, George J. Morales, University of California at Los Angeles, Thomas M. O’Neil, University of California at San Diego, Tony S. Taylor, General Atomics, Dennis G. Whyte, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Michael C. Zarnstorff, Princeton University, “A Review of the DOE Plan for U.S. Fusion Community Participation in the ITER Program”, National Academy of the Sciences, http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12449, p. 15-16) "The committee is concerned that the __lack of funding stability__ " "U.S.’s contributions to the project needs to be ensured."

**Stacey 1997**
(Weston, Issues in Science and Technology, “The ITER decision and U.S. fusion R&D: to keep pace with the cuttingedge of fusion research, the United States must participate in the planned international research reactor.”, http://www.issues.org/13.4/stacey.htm)

//"Industrial.//  __Many of the ITER components__" "and would be independent of site location."

==<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **D. Fusion is environmentally friendly, waste free, and safe. It's the only thing that can help**  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> __**now**__  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">  **.**   ==

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> **Zarkadakis 2008**
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> (George, 9/10/, editor in chief of Focus, an energy magazine, also PhD in Engineering and Artificial Intelligence “ITER: an answer to growing energy needs”,   <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">  __http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=16111________<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">    __) __ " The promise of ITER is environmentally benign," "ITER's supporters__ as the only real alternative .__"__

Alexander 2008
(Lamar, U.S. Senator, States News Service, “ALEXANDER, CORKER AND BIPARTISAN GROUP OF SENATORS REQUEST FUNDING FOR CRITICAL SCIENCE PROGRAMS”, 3/18, http://corker.senate.gov/News/record.cfm?id=294967)

" ITER is a multinational scientific project and __ " " and our standing in the world as the leader in science ."

FRAMEWORK READ AT EK They read Feynman cards and claim that both teams should act as scientists advising policymakers, and as scientists, they should present multiple options for what may happen in the future, then defend which ones they claim is correct.

//(FHN Debate) To be specific we read this://

Framework-
A. The four debaters in this round should act as scientists advising a policymaker on the best action to take using the science of both complexity and chaos theory with a special importance on argumentative integrity. B. A good scientist makes sure that their theory is correct and takes ideas that could invalidate it into account. Linear scenarios aren't advice, they're propaganda. This hi-jacks probability. Renowned Physicist Richard Fenyman in 1974 explains: "Now it behooves me, of course," "__one particular direction__ or another."

C. And this calculus must be applied to OUTCOMES and PREDICTIONS, the status quo is considered validation enough for it's own case. But predictions of scenarios must consider multiple probable possibilities of said scenarios. Chaos theory allows us to PREDICT better than the STATUS QUO by doing away with linear outcomes. says PhD David Shupe in 2007:

"Moreover, analysis of __past__ national  __security__   __and__  foreign  __policy__" " __Non-linear models show promise in being able to do this__ .“

D. Failure to engage multiple sides and outcomes of an issue is not only intellectually dishonest, it is a reason to REJECT any advocacy that simply paints a one sided picture. It cannot be seen as a COMPLETE analysis which is the basis of any theory.

//And we cracked this://

**DSC 2007**
(National Research Council (U.S.). Development, Security, and Cooperation, “Strengthening U.S-Russian Cooperation on Nuclear Nonproliferation,” http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11302&page=30, p. 30) __"The U__ nited  __S__  tates  __and Russia__ have a strong mutual interest in counterterrorism" " on radiological terrorism are discussed below."

<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;">**Alexander 2003**
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif;">(Yonah,, Director of the Inter-University for Terrorism Studies <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;">**,** <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT, serif;"> “Terrorism Myths and Realities,” Washington Times, August 28, Lexis) <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT, serif;"> "Last week's brutal suicide bombings in Baghdad and Jerusalem have once again" "__regional and global security concerns"__