Groves+-+NIF

Miller, 8 (Dr. George H., Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 4/16, “Fiscal 2009 Appropriations: Energy and Water Development”, Committee on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis) Major progress continues to be …shortfalls without impact on completion.
 * Inherency**
 * Current plans for project completion are on track at the National Ignition Facility– future funding shortfalls will curtail success in fusion experimentation**

Advantage one is Deterrence
 * Observation Two: Advantages**

However, on the battlefield, ….would be horrendous.
 * A. Russia and China are exploiting the current US boycott of conventional low-yield nuclear weapons – hostility is increasing and we have no defense**
 * Cohen, 2k** (Sam, inventor of the neutron bomb, PhD University of California, employee at RAND institute, The New American, May 8)

Since 1998 I have publicly ….. happen, and they are preparing even as we fail to prepare.
 * B. Russia is preparing for war with the United States—American complacency only invites destruction**
 * Nyquist, 7** (J.R., a WorldNetDaily contributing editor and a renowned expert in geopolitics and international relations, author of "Origins of the Fourth World War, analyst of Russian military policy, Financial Sense)


 * C. We advance three independent impact scenarios:**

Bostrum, 2 (Nick, Ph.D., Journal of Evolution and Technology, Vol. 9, March 2002) A much greater …. encounter in the 21st century.
 * 1. US Russian nuclear war will lead to extinction – this confrontation ensures civilizations destruction unlike other scenarios**

In Russian thinking, …. millions of people.
 * 2.Biological warfare: even if humanity survives, a Russian attack outweighs all other impacts—Russia would slaughter the surviving civilian populations with biological weapons**Nyquist, 99 (J.R. Nyquist, a WorldNetDaily contributing editor and a renowned expert in geopolitics and international relations, is the author of "Origins of the Fourth World War.**"**http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=19773)

Of all the weapons ….of such plagues?
 * A biological weapons attack ensures extinction**Ochs, 2 (Richard; Naturalist – Grand Teton National Park with a Masters in Natural Resource Management from Rutgers, “Biological Weapons must be abolished immediately”)

Zellen, 4 (Barry, Publisher and founder of Technology Innovator.com and Journalist covering International Security, Environmental and Political Affairs, Strategic Insights, “Rethinking the Unthinkable: Nuclear Weapons and the War on Terror”) This new, post-9/11 … our new found will sinks in.
 * 3. Terrorism: new mininukes are critical to win the war on terrorism and deter proliferation—we must have usable nuclear options**

Corsi, 5 (Jerome, Ph.D. from Harvard, Atomic Iran, 176-178) In the span of less than one hour, …..capable of exacting revenge.
 * Nuclear terrorism against the U.S. would end the world—it would destroy the economy, collapse hegemony, and cause nuclear wars with Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea**

Tamsett, 3 (Jeremy, Graduate Research Assistant at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, “The Evolving U.S. Strategic Landscape: A Fresh Look at Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons,”) The argument within the Bush Administration ….. by the United States.
 * D. Low yield pure fusion weapons are critical to restore deterrence and avoid full-scale strategic nuclear strikes**

Cohen, 99 (Sam, inventor of the neutron bomb, PhD University of California, employee at RAND institute, of Insight on the News, November 22) The third category ….. determined opponent.
 * E. Enemy fusion proliferation is inevitable—U.S. capabilities are the only way to provide low-level responses without starting a global nuclear war**

Tamsett, 3 (Jeremy, Graduate Research Assistant at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, “The Evolving U.S. Strategic Landscape: A Fresh Look at Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons,” December 1, http://www.gyre.org/news/article/3599/#fulltext) Arguments that the taboo ….. but will help to contain it.
 * F. Finally, using mininukes will not erode the nuclear taboo—they contain war by winning it quickly and any collateral damage will be minor**

//(Funding and enforcement through normal means. We reserve the right to clarify plan intent).//
 * Thus we propose the following plan:** The United States Congress should increase alternative energy incentives by guaranteeing full funding for inertial confinement fusion research and development at the National Ignition Facility.

Miller, 8 (Dr. George H., Director of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 4/16, “Fiscal 2009 Appropriations: Energy and Water Development”, Committee on Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development, CQ Congressional Testimony, Lexis) The Stockpile Stewardship ….of this century. And we can do even more.
 * Observation Three: Solvency**
 * A. The plan solves sustained funding commitment which is critical to NIF success—failure will undermine U.S. fusion and physics research**

Makhijani and Zerriffi, 3 (Arjun, Ph.D, and Hisham, “Dangerous Thermonuclear Quest,” Report for Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Orig. July, 1998, Edited 2003, http://www.ieer.org/reports/fusion/dtq.pdf ) Existing ECF devices are being scaled …. has been established.
 * B. Fusion research at NIF is key to fusion weapons development**

USDP 07 (University of California Davis Cosmos program for accelerated mathematics and science students, Written by Dr Niels Gronbech Jensen, professor of the Department of Applied Science, “The Power of Fusion: A Better Way to Harness the Sun” August 2 2007.) The same energy that …. energy source.
 * C. Although NIF can rapidly develop low yield fusion weapons, its research into commercial fusion energy will not lead to fusion power generation in the foreseeable future. This incredibly long timeframe takes out links to any resource based disadvantages.**

Tamsett 3 (Jeremy, Graduate Research Assistant at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, “The Evolving U.S. Strategic Landscape: A Fresh Look at Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons,” December 1, http://www.gyre.org/news/article/3599/#fulltext) The taboo against… first-strike warfighting capability.
 * D. High yield weapons are not credible- mininukes are key to deterrence because they could actually be used in combat**

Tamsett 3 (Jeremy, Graduate Research Assistant at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey Institute of International Studies, “The Evolving U.S. Strategic Landscape: A Fresh Look at Low-Yield Nuclear Weapons,” December 1, http://www.gyre.org/news/article/3599/#fulltext) It is possible… national security interests.
 * E. Critics are wrong- low yield fusion weapons will not escalate- strategic deterrence checks**

US Davis Cosmos Program 07 (University of California Davis Cosmos program for accelerated mathematics and science students, Written by Dr. Niels Gronbech Jensen, Professor at the Department of Applied Science, “The Power of Fusion: A Better Way to Harness the Sun” August 2, 2007. http://cosmos.ucdavis.edu/Archive/2007/FinalProjects/Cluster%202/EnergyDanielDix.pdf. The same energy... effective energy source.
 * F. Although NIF can rapidly develop low yield fusion weapons, its research into commercial fusion energy will not lead to fusion power generation in the foreseeable future. This incredibly long timeframe takes out links to any resource based disadvantages.**

Makhijani and Zerriffi, 3 (Arjun, Ph.D, and Hisham, “Dangerous Thermonuclear Quest,” Report for Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, Orig. July, 1998, Edited 2003, http://www.ieer.org/reports/fusion/dtq.pdf ) Another development which … a useful form.
 * G. NIF experiments are key to metallic hydrogen- this would facilitate fusion weapons**

Tenenbaum 2, (David, Science writer, The Why Files, “Of New Weapons and Nuclear Genies” Dec. 5, http://whyfiles.org/167new_nukes/index.html) And while some… diplomatic, international relations.
 * H. Scientists will be recruited to NIF by the plan- this will facilitate new weapons.**


 * Framework:**


 * Consequences key to enable political responsibility – their framework ignores the reality of politics and human limitation.**Williams 2005 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales—Aberystwyth, The Realist Tradition and the Limits of International Relations, p. 174-176)A commitment to... imperitive toward responsibility.

Gordon Mitchell, Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, PEDAGOGICAL POSSBILITIES FOR ARGUMENTATIVE AGENCY IN ACADEMIC DEBATE, 1998, p. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&se=gglsc&d=5001400507The dynamic communicative... of political issues. **
 * Policy impacts must be weighed even in a critical round.**Derek Jinks, University of Texas, Austin, co-inventor of the K, RETHINKING CRITICAL ARGUMENTS, 1993, p. http://groups.wfu.edu/debate/MiscSites/DRGArticles/Jinks1993Health.htmAlso, the affirmative... in the debate.
 * Roleplaying is key to education by opening multiple worldviews.**
 * Claims of discourse shaping reality are inherently flawed – this view crushes agency, language is meaningless without the agency of the subjects who use it. Dunn 98 [ROBERT G., PROF OF SOCIOLOGY @ CAL STATE UNIVERSITY, IDENTITY CRISES: A SOCIAL CRITIQUE OF POSTMODERNITY P 786-7] The inability of... and collective action.