Groves+-+DU+Aff

** Despite knowledge of its dangerous effects on both health and the environment, the U.S. military has developed and deployed uranium weapons in Iraq and Afghanistan, and has refused to release locations of DU strikes. **  ICBUW 9   [Int’l Coalition to Ban Uranium Weapons,  Uranium Weapons Briefing 2009, [] ] Governments have often initially… contamination virtually impossible.
 * Contention One: The Status Quo **

Thus we offer the following plan: The United States federal government should withdraw all spent and unspent depleted uranium munitions from Iraq and Afghanistan including cleaning and/or decontaminating areas contaminated by depleted uranium. Advantage One: Genocide

An investigation of the word genocide reveals that intentional annihilation constitutes genocide of Iraqi and Afghani people Douglas 7 [Ian, visiting professor in politics at An-Najah National University, “US Genocide in Iraq,” 2007, http://www.brusselstribunal.org/pdf/NotesOnGenocideInIraq.pdf] __ Looking closer, we find that __ … that // constitute // — or would — genocide. ** Specifically, each round of DU ammunition is an intentional act of genocide in Afghanistan  ** Mikaki 3  [  Mohammed Daud ,  MA, MA, PhD, Director Afghan DU & Recovery Fund,  “The Silent Genocide from America,” 2003,  http://www.nightslantern.ca/miraki_silent_genocide.pdf ] __ The perpetuation of the perpetual death …collective coffin of the Afghan people. __ And, the aftereffects of DU munitions constitute genocide against the Iraqi people Douglas 7 (Ian, visiting professor in politics at An-Najah National University, “US Genocide in Iraq,” http://www.brusselstribunal.org/pdf/NotesOnGenocideInIraq.pdf) Showers On whether the distinction between…Samawa and Baghdad, among other towns and cities.14

Furthermore, we must evaluate genocide first – it goes beyond physical death to destroy the very fabric of social existence that makes life worth living and death bearable - social death outweighs === Card 3   [Claudia, Emma Goldman Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wisconsin, "Genocide and Social Death," Hypatia 18.1 (2003) 63-79, 2003, project muse]   === === __Genocide is not simply unjust ____… __This view, however, is controversial. ===  Harff-Gur in ’81 [  B. Harff-Gur, Professor at Northwestern, “Humanitarian Intervention as a Remedy for Genocide”, 1981, p. 40] One of the most enduring and abhorrent…  genocide is a universal concern. Finally, the U.S. is key – by denying use of DU, continuing to use and manufacture the weapon, and ignoring the current genocides, we have taken part in criminality – the U.S. must take action. Vetleson 2K (Arne Johan, Department of Philosophy at the University of Oslo, 2000, // Journal of Peace Research //, Vol 37, No 4, p. 522, “Genocide: A Case for the Responsibility of the Bystander,” JSTOR]  But this is not the whole picture….bystander who decides to remain inactive.   Advantage Two: Radiation Overload
 * And put away your util framework – genocide ultimately risks total extinction **

DU particles damage the immune system, spread through the bloodstream, damage stem cells, and causes DNA and cell mutations Hall 6 [ Irving Wesley, B.A. with honors in English and comparative literature and a Ph.D. (abd) in Political Science from the University of California, Riverside, “Depleted Uranium for DummiesThe Most Toxic Battle In Western Military History,” Global Research, April 17, 2006, []] __ Let’s follow the journey of…functioning joints and muscles. __ Etchison 7  [Craig, PhD,// Truthout //, “Depleted Uranium: Pernicious Killer Keeps on Killing”, 2/19/2007, http://www.cleaniraq.org/pages/e_Pernicious_Killer.htm] We must also consider the…could kill half a million Iraqis. ** And, the effects of DU on cancer spread will only worsen in the future  ** Bhagwat 4 [Vishnu, Admiral Vishnu, Former Chief of the Naval Staff, India, “Silent WMDs; effects of Depleted Uranium,” Feb. 29, 2004, http://www.thepowerhour.com/articles/du_effects.htm ] __ The induction of DU weapons… __ mistaken Intelligence reports.
 * Independently, depleted uranium has the potential to turn Iraq into a wasteland – cancer rates are skyrocketing causing the death of half a million Iraqis **

Furthermore, cell and DNA mutations risk extinction

Pitman 5 (Sean D., M.D. Genticist, DNA Mutation Rates and Evolution August, 2005, http://naturalselection.0catch.com/Files/dnamutationrates.html)
… American article entitled, "Mutations Galore": Worthington 4  [Amy, Idaho Observer, “Chemtrails and terror in the age of nuclear war,” 6-3-4,  http://www.rense.com/general53/chemsd.htm ] __Gross chemical and electromagnetic … that we are all in mortal jeopardy.__
 * Our current mentality surrounding DU and its health risks has put us on a path to genetic Armageddon and mortal jeopady **

** DU **** in Iraq and **** A **** fg **** h **** anistan spills over to unimagi **** n **** ab **** l **** e consequence **** s **** - **** it **** contamina **** t **** es **** vit **** a **** l wat **** e **** rw **** a **** ys ** ** w **** hich **** f **** low through al **** l **** of Asia and the **** M **** iddle East ****, **** it destabilizes **** t **** he **** r **** e **** gi **** on, increa **** s **** e **** s food **** i **** ns **** ecu **** rity, ** ** a **** nd causes mi **** l **** lions of deaths. ** ** E **** y **** re 9 ** [Peter, Middle Eas t consultant and cont r ibuting w riter for Global Res e arch , " The W eapon s Us ed In Ir a q    a nd Afghanista n Ha v e F ar Reaching Effects, " Dec. 12 , 2009 , ht t p: // w w w.so tt .ne t/ arti c les / show / 1 9 9464- T he- W eapons-Used- I n- Ir a q- Afghanist a n- Ha v e- Far-Reaching- Effects] Iraq and A fghanistan are at the centre… t h at i s the big pic t ur e. rather gloomy isn't it ? ** The impacts of DU are not limited to Iraq and Afghanistan – DU painfully kills its victims, while threatening to destroy all life on the earth. ** **  Moret 7   **  [Lauren, GeoScientist, “Depleted Uranium: A Scientific Perspective,” July 21, 2007,  [] ] MORET: It remobilizes all the radiation, but those … __ the bacteria. It effects everything. __ And, the U.S. is key – it’s current use of DU alone will cause global extinction – DU weapons used since 91 in Afghanistan and Iraq are equivalent to 400,000 Nagasaki bombings Lendman 6 [Stephen, a Research Associate of the Centre for Research on Globalization, “Depleted Uranium - A Hidden Looming Worldwide Calamity,” [|Global Research], January 19, 2006, []] I'm very indebted to Leuren Moret for the data … __ target sites in Iraq alone using DU bombs. __  Finally, the risks associated with DU weapons and the corresponding radiation don’t outweigh any small risk of benefits, thus under the precautionary principle, presumption lies with the aff. IPPNW 1  [International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, “Depleted Uranium Weapons and Acute Post- War Health Effects: An IPPNW Assessment,” Feb. 19, 2001, http://www.converge.org.nz/pma/dupost.htm] __ A basic principle in radiation protection… __ warfare prohibited by the Geneva Conventions [|[10.]]

** Contention Two: The Guide to Survival ** ** U.S. must admit to the devastating impact it’s had on Afghanistan and Iraq – this honesty is the best policy to challenge this DU slaughtergate. ** ** Guarisco 3  ** [Vincent, “ Atomic Veterans Revisited Through Depleted Uranium Exposure” Oct. 22, 2003, http://www.pressaction.com/news/weblog/full_article/guarisco10222003/ ] __Welcome to the 21st century uranium slaughtergate__ … __aimed at causing unnecessary suffering.__ The affirmation of the 1AC is key – we are the critical step to solvency Eyre 9 [Peter, “Radiation contamination in the Middle East and the Eastern Mediterranean Countries: A study of the use of Depleted Uranium (DU) weaponry,” May 28, 2009, http://gazanews.wordpress.com/2009/02/14/iof-warplanes-blast-a-number-of-targets-in-gaza/] __DU is a waste product of the nuclear industry …__ would have resulted in condemnation Fungi can decontaminate current sites – assimilates the DU preventing animal and plant uptake, and prevent soil leaching NewScientist 8  [“Uranium-eating fungi could clean up battlefields,” May 7, 2008, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg19826554.600-uraniumeating-fungi-could-clean-up-battlefields.html] __ FUNGI found in people's back … spent uranium from leaching out into the soil. __ Bacteria solves uranium contamination Black 10  [Gemma, “'Uranium-eating' bacteria to clean-up radioactive sites,” Cosmos Magazine, March 30, 2010, http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/news/3372/uranium-eating-bacteria-clean-radioactive-sites?page=0,0] SYDNEY: Some __ bacteria have the capacity…uranium __ (IV) __ as part of their normal growth. __   Geological Society of America 4  [Geological Society Of America – geological activist group (2004, November 8). Tumbleweeds Good For Uranium Clean-Up. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 19, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/11/041108021040.htm] __Among the plants that sucked up …__ grow native plants used for dyes, she said.
 * Plants can empirically help clean up DU **

No war – no benefits, rising costs, democracies, common security, clear power divisions make escalation unlikely
Mandelbaum, 99 ** ( **Michael, Christian A. Herter Professor of American Foreign Policy, The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University; Director, Project on East-West Relations, Council on Foreign Relations “Is Major War Obsolete?”) Why is this so? Most simply, __ the costs … __ not a sentry standing guard against an attack on a king.”

Armed conflicts are decreasing now – prefer our evidence, it cites trends and assumes all types of war
__ War has greatly diminished over the course… __civil war, colonial war, and ideological civil war.
 * Mueller 5 **(John, Woody Hayes Chair of National Security Studies, Mershon Center Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University, “This Just In: War has almost ceased to exist”)